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During a three-week period this year, Equifax, one of the nation’s top three credit bureaus, provided inaccurate credit scores to lenders on millions of consumers seeking credit cards, mortgage and auto loans, according to reporting by the Wall Street Journal.

The problem, described as a “technology coding issue” by Equifax, reportedly resulted in denied loans or loans approved with higher-than-warranted interest rates. In a statement, Equifax said, “As part of … extensive analysis, we have determined that there was no shift in the vast majority of scores during the three-week timeframe of the issue. For those consumers that did experience a score shift, initial analysis indicates that only a small number of them may have received a different credit decision.” 

Key Takeaways

  • Credit bureau Equifax sent wrong credit scores on millions of consumers to lenders for three weeks from mid-March to early April 2022.
  • In a statement, Equifax described the problem as a “technology coding issue” during the migration of consumer data to the “Equifax CloudTM infrastructure.”
  • According to The Wall Street Journal, people familiar with the errors said scores were sometimes off by 20 points or more in either direction.
  • Equifax, which said the problem was fixed on April 6, 2022, also said the vast majority of scores were not affected and that only a small number received a “different credit decision.”
  • Equifax was previously implicated in a 2017 data breach that exposed sensitive information of nearly 150 million Americans and resulted in Equifax paying $700 million in fines and restitution after the breach.

Problem Described as ‘Technology Coding’ Issue

In a statement, Equifax described a coding issue within on-site servers in the U.S. scheduled to be migrated to a new cloud infrastructure. The company says the issue was in place “over a few weeks between March 17 and April 6,” resulting in potential miscalculations. The company noted that credit reports were not changed as a result of this issue.

Equifax confirmed that the issue was fixed and said it had determined there was no change in the vast majority of scores during the three-week period. The company insisted that, for those consumers who did experience a score change, only a small number received a different credit decision than they would have otherwise.

Reports of Denied Loans and Higher Interest Rates

Concerning the scope of the issue, a June alert from housing agency Freddie Mac said Equifax told the agency that 12% of all credit scores released from March 17 to April 6 may have been wrong.

300,000

Number of consumers Equifax says experienced a credit score shift of 25 points or more.

Although Equifax said data showed that “less than 300,000 consumers experienced a score shift of 25 points or more,” reporting by The Wall Street Journal and others suggest that some people may have been denied loans or subject to higher interest rates than should have been the case.

Equifax said it was collaborating with its customers to determine the impact on consumers saying, “Again, we do not take this issue lightly. The issue has been fixed, we are working closely with lenders, and we are accelerating the migration of this environment to the Equifax Cloud, which will provide additional controls and monitoring that will help to detect and prevent similar issues in the future.”

Not the First Time for Equifax

This latest issue serves as a reminder that Equifax is not a stranger to data issues. In 2017, after it was revealed that 150 million people had sensitive information compromised due to a hacker attack, Equifax had to pay up to $700 million to state and federal regulators, the largest ever paid for a data breach.

News of the Equifax coding issue arrived not long after the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB) penalized carmaker Hyundai for “repeatedly providing inaccurate information to nationwide credit reporting companies and failing to take proper measures to address inaccurate information once it was identified between 2016 and 2020.” The $19 million settlement makes this the CFPB’s largest ever Fair Credit Reporting Act case against an automaker.

The Bottom Line

Equifax maintains credit information for more than 240 million U.S. consumers, which it sells to lenders. This information is used to compile credit scores, one of the most important pieces of financial information consumers have. Credit scores are a major factor used by lenders to determine whether an applicant should receive a loan and how much (interest) to charge if the loan is approved.

The importance of credit scores—and the fact there are only three major credit reporting agencies (Experian and Transunion are the other two)—are reason enough for diligence on the part of government agencies, journalists, and others to closely track and report on breaches and other issues that may impact credit data.

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